Frederick baldwin



F. BALDWIN. WOOD TURNING LATHE.

No; 65,864, I Patented June 18, 1867.

gotten gram item: gift.

IMPROVEMENT IN WOODWURNING LATHESJ fiilge Srlgrhuls rrfrrrclr in in this grttrts iintrnt mm making part at the 5mm.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK BALDWIN, of Bruttleboro, in the county of Windham, and State of Vermont, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Lathes for Turning. and Cutting Square and Beaded Work; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

This invention consists, in the employment or use of rotating cutters in connection with a rotating pattern, a hollow stationary mandrel, and feeding (lcvi ce, the several parts being made to work automatically, whereby a machine is made capable of being operated rapidly, and at the same time performing its work in the most perfect manner, the lathe being designed for turning beaded work for various purposes, as, for instance, toolhaiidles, chair-rounds, balusters for stairs, 810.; and also, in addition to cutting beads or mouldings upon thepieces, to cut portions of the pieces in a square form wherever the same maybe desired, the said beaded or ornamented square portions being cut simultaneously, or at one and the same operation.

Figure 1, sheet 1, is a planor top view of the lathe.

.Figure 2is alongitudinal central section of the shaft by which the feed-rollers and the pattern-wheel are driven, it being through the-line a: x of fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical section of the feed-rollers and worm-wheel, and also of the parts to which they are attached. v

Figure 4 is a detailed section ofthe square cutters, through the line y y of fig: 1.

Figure 5, sheet 2, is a vertical section of the lathe, through the line z z of fig. 1.

Figure 6 is a front or face view of, the cutting-disk, showing some of the parts by which the cutters are moved and governed. v I

Figure 7 is a section, through the line 1- v of fig. 5.

Figure 8 is another view of the same.

Figure 9 is a detailed view of the dog to which the cutters are attached, and by which they are actuated.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

A represents the frame of the machine, which may be constructed ofany suitable material, and in any proper form, to support the working parts of the lnthe. B is the driving-shaft, which is placed on the lower part of the frame. It has pulleys on it within the frame, marked a, b, and c, which receive the belt or belts by which .the shaft is revolved. On t'he outer end of thisshaft there is another pulley, or cone of pulleys, d, from which another shaft is driven, which is on the upper portion of the frhrne, more plainly seen in fig. 1, marked There is also on the driving-shaft B another pulley within the frame of large diameter, markedf, which gives motion by a belt to two rotary cutters, which are attached to a. disk, A, which rotates on the stationary hollow mandrel, which is marked D on the drawing. Dies are placed in this mandrel to suit the size of the stick to be turned or cut, as it must be understood that all the work performed by the lathe passes through the hollow mandrel D. The mandrel is securely fastened to a cross-bar which is. screwed-or bolted to the top of the frame, and which is designated by the letter E. It is securely held in place by a set-screw, cl, seen in fig. 5-. This mandrel is a hearing for the cutter.-disk, as before stated. The face of the cutter-disk is seen at fig. 6, sheet 2. g 9 represent the'cut'ters. h k are dogs, to which the cutters are attached. 2' 2' are springs which operate on the arms is of .the dogs, so as to throw the cutters towards the centre. Thecutters are V-shaped, and are held to their places in the dogs by a screw hook which is drawn up or fastened by a nut, seen at-o. This arrangement is plainly seen in fig. 6. -.The periphery of the cutter-disk is a flange, which turns in from the face, forming a pulley for the belt which drives it. It is driven by a belt from the bandwheel, markedf, fig. Within the recess thus formed (back of -the disk face) the dogs I; are operated by a too, if, which turns on a pivot, .12. The other end of the too has a slot, through which passes a small stud-screw, by which the tee is attached to a collar which slides on the mandrel. This collar is seen at o, fig. 8, and the connection of the toe with it is by a short rod, 1), which is fast t6 the collar, and into which the stud-screw, before mentioned, passes. The end of the rod p passes through the face of the disk plate for the purpose of a guide and support to that end of it. Fig. 8' shows this arrangement, as'the pulley or rim of the disk is broken away for the purpose of showing it. v

case; 2

It will be seen that as the collar 0 is made to approach the disk, the toe J, turning on the pivot 12, will strike a projecting npim the dog, which-passes through the face of the cutter-disk, and crowd the dogs with the cutters towards the centre of thedisk. As the stick to be turned is passing through the hollow mandrel and disk plate, it only requires a suitable movement of the collar o"to enable the'cntters' to form beads and mouldings on the stick, as the cutters are thereby made to approach toward and moods from the centre. The springs 2', on the face of the disk operating upon the arms is of the dogs, serve to throw back the'collar 0, or act upon it with a constant pressure, so that it is only necessary for the collar to be forced towards the face of the disk to produce the desired result. The manner in which this is done I will nbw proceed to' describe.

I Behind the collar 0 there is seen the end of an arm which is attached to ,a' rod which is made to slide longi tudinallyQ The arm is marked L, and the rod m. The upper end of this-arm, which is seen back of the collar 0, slides freely on the-mandrel and crowds the collar towards the disk. The rod m is supported by the frame in suitable bearings, as represented in fig. 5,-and receives its lateral motion from the pattern, (a portion of which is seen in same figurcat N.) This patternl is attached to the rim of, a \irormivheel, marked P, neat-ks periphery, seen at the loft in fig. 5. The pattern is for-med of a strip ot' sheet metal, the edgc of which is cut to a shape to correspond with the article it is desired to turn or cut. The endof'thc rod m comes in contact with the pattern N.. This end of the rod is V-shaped, and the edge' traverscs thc'pattern as the pattern is revolved by the wheel, in othcrjwords, the lateral forward motion of the rod is governed by the inequalities of the pattern, as this rod, as well as the collar 0, is acted upon by the springs i 2', and pressed against thepattern so that the cutters-receive a motion through the roclm and the arm Lcorresponding with the shape of the pattern. A detached view of the pattern, (or section of it,) with the-end of. the rod m,'is seen in Figure 10. The worm-wheel 1?, upon which the pattern is placcd is driven by a perpetual screw, P, upon a shaft marked R, which is seen directly over the .wheel P, and parallel with the face of the cutter-disk on the opposite sideofthe machine. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of this shaft. It is revolved-by the shaft 0 through bevel-gears, 'seen at S.

T T represent the feed-rollers, between which the sticks to be turned are passed into the machine. The. wheel T is driven by a perpetual screw upon the shaft R, marked S, which engages with a horizontal wormwhecl, It, fig. 3, upon the feed-rollers T shaft. The perpetual screw P is formed on a thimble, which is fast on the shaft. The other perpetual screw, is fast to a sleeve through which the shaft passes. This sleeveforms the journal, as well as the box and shpport for one end of ,the' shaft, and has no lateral or longitudinal motion. i

The shaft R has a bar or feather which slides in a slot or groove in the shaft which extends near-its whole length, and which is operated by a shifting lever, 11-, the ,handle of which is seen on the opposite side of the machine. to also is a short lever for-the same purpose' o is a clutch placed between the bevel-gears S and, S The sliding-basis madeto'engege with the clutch and thewheels at the pleasure of the operator, so that the shaft R may berotated or stopped, as may be required; consequently the movement of the worm-wheel and the pattern is thus governed. i

The feed-roller T has a lateral motion to accommodate pieces of different sizes. On the outside of it there is a springwhich'b ears against its shaftwith a constant pressure. Between the feed-rollers'and the hollow mandrel there are two revolving heads, 2: a, which are attached to the top ends of vertical shafts. Upon these heads -shapcd cutters are fixed, whose cutting edges form a. right angle, and they are placed in such a manner that upon apiece of wood being fed into the machine cornerwisc, or with it's angles parallel with vertical and hor'montal lines, the V-shaped or right-angled cutters, when rapidly revolved, will plane the sides of the stick in a square form and to any desired size, or so that it will enter and pass throughthe" die which is placed in the hollow mandrel. These cutters or planers X-X areadjustnble'to suit difl'ercnbsized squares, and, as noticed in the drawing, they do not stand directly opposite each other, but'one is placed a little in advanced the other so as to prevent the cutters from interfering with each other. 'The dies'(cithcr round or square nnd of various sizes, to suit the difieren't kinds of work to be performed) are secured in the mandrel by set-screws, or otherwise, and are changed as often as may he required. The cuttersX X are rotated by belts which passaround pulleys which are on the lower'cnds of the cutter-shafts, one of which is seeniin fig. 5 a w,. they are attached by suitable bearings to a cross-bar which extends across the top of the frame, and which is seen at w, fig. 1. A vertical section of one of these cutter-heads with its uppcr'support, and also asti ck passing throughbetween the cutters, is seen in detail in fig. 4.

As seen in fig. 1, the cone pulleys d C are connected-lays. belt which drives the shaft 0. 't, fig. 3, indicates an elastic rubber spring which acts against the feed-roller T,'bef ore alluded to. This spring is confincdto a. rod, t,*which passes through it, as seen in the drawing.

Many of the essential features of.this lathe were secured to me by Letters Patent bearing date August 24, 1858, and thisiapplicstion relates more particularly to improvements which I have sincemadc.

Having thus described my iri'vention, what I claim as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-- 1. The method, as herein substantially described, of operating the cutters on the rotating disk A by means of the dogs h 71:, the springs a, the toe J, the collar 0', the pin or rod 1;, and the arm L, which are moved and operated by the revolving pattern through the rod m.

2 I claim the clutch V, which is placed between the two bevel-gears for the purposes described, and which is operated by a shifting-lever and a sliding-bur, substantially as set forth.

FREDK. BALDWIN. Witnesses:

Krrrsmcn Hnsxms,

A. S. WARD 

